Added Day 5 (#1)

Added Day 5 with comments

AdventOfCode/_2023/Day5.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+using AdventOfCode.Common;
+using AdventOfCode.Models;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace AdventOfCode._2023
+{
+    public class Day5 : AOCDay
+    {
+      
+        private static MapType[] MAP_ORDER = new MapType[] { MapType.SOIL, MapType.FERTILIZER, MapType.WATER, MapType.LIGHT, MapType.TEMPERATURE, MapType.HUMIDITY, MapType.LOCATION };
+        protected override AOCResponse ExecutePartA()
+        {
+            var inputs = this.SplitInputOnEmptyLine();
+
+            //Convert our seeds into a long list
+            var seeds = inputs.First().First().Split(":")[1].Trim().Split(" ").Select(x => long.Parse(x)).ToDictionary(key => key, value => value);
+
+            //Create our map objects
+            var maps = new List<AlmanacMap>();
+            foreach (var map in inputs.Skip(1))
+            {
+                maps.Add(new AlmanacMap(map));
+            }
+
+            var prevType = MapType.SEED;
+            foreach (var mapType in MAP_ORDER)
+            {
+                Log($"Mapping from {prevType} to {mapType}");
+                var activeMap = maps.First(x => x.From == prevType && x.To == mapType);
+                foreach (var key in seeds.Keys)
+                {
+                    seeds[key] = activeMap.Transform(seeds[key]);
+                    Log($"Seed {key} has a value of {seeds[key]} for {mapType}");
+                }
+                prevType = mapType; //Denote our next mapping
+            }
+            this.Answer = seeds.Values.Min();
+            return this._response;
+        }
+
+        protected override AOCResponse ExecutePartB()
+        {
+            var inputs = this.SplitInputOnEmptyLine();
+
+            //Create our map objects
+            var maps = new List<AlmanacMap>();
+            foreach (var map in inputs.Skip(1))
+            {
+                maps.Add(new AlmanacMap(map));
+            }
+
+            var finalizedSeedRanges = new List<SeedRange>();
+
+            //Get our seed ranges
+            var values = inputs.First().First().Split(":")[1].Trim().Split(" ").Select(x => long.Parse(x)).ToArray();
+            for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i += 2)
+            {
+                var startSeed = values[i];
+                var endSeed = values[i] + values[i + 1]-1; //Minus one because it counts i
+
+                var seed = new SeedRange() { Start = startSeed, End = endSeed };
+                Log($"Transforming seed range {seed.Start} - {seed.End}");
+
+                var prevType = MapType.SEED;
+                var seedRanges = new List<SeedRange>() { seed };
+                foreach (var mapType in MAP_ORDER)
+                {
+                    Log($"Mapping from {prevType} to {mapType}");
+                    var activeMap = maps.First(x => x.From == prevType && x.To == mapType);
+                    seedRanges = activeMap.GetSeedRanges(seedRanges);
+                    seedRanges.ForEach(x => Log($"Range: {x.Start} - {x.End}"));
+                    prevType = mapType; //Denote our next mapping
+                }
+
+                //Add the output ranges to our total list to be minimized later
+                finalizedSeedRanges = finalizedSeedRanges.Concat(seedRanges).ToList();
+            }
+            this.Answer = finalizedSeedRanges.Min(x => x.Start);
+            return this._response;
+        }
+    }
+
+    enum MapType
+    {
+        SEED, SOIL, FERTILIZER, WATER, LIGHT,TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, LOCATION
+    }
+
+    class AlmanacMap
+    {
+        public MapType From { get; set; }
+        public MapType To { get; set; }
+        private readonly List<MapData> _mapData;
+        public AlmanacMap(string[] maps)
+        {
+            var types = maps.First().Split(" ")[0].Split("-to-");
+            From = Enum.Parse<MapType>(types[0].ToUpper());
+            To = Enum.Parse<MapType>(types[1].ToUpper());
+
+            var mapDataList = new List<MapData>();
+            foreach (var mapData in maps.Skip(1))
+            {
+                var splitMap = mapData.Split(" ").Select(x => long.Parse(x)).ToArray();
+                var destinationRange = splitMap[0];
+                var sourceRange = splitMap[1];
+                var rangeLength = splitMap[2];
+                mapDataList.Add(new MapData()
+                {
+                    Destination = destinationRange,
+                    Source = sourceRange,
+                    Range = rangeLength
+                });
+            }
+            _mapData = mapDataList.OrderBy(x => x.Source).ToList();
+        }
+
+        public long Transform(long value)
+        {
+            var result = value;
+            foreach (var mapData in _mapData)
+            {
+                if (value >= mapData.Source && value < (mapData.Source + mapData.Range))
+                {
+                    var rangeToBeAdded = value - mapData.Source;
+                    result = mapData.Destination + rangeToBeAdded;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generate the given seed ranges for Part B with the large dataset
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="ranges"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public List<SeedRange> GetSeedRanges(List<SeedRange> ranges)
+        {
+            //All valid return ranges for the given input seed range
+            var totalRanges = new List<SeedRange>();
+
+            foreach (var range in ranges)
+            {
+                var seedRanges = new List<SeedRange>();
+                var originalSeedRanges = new List<SeedRange>();
+
+                foreach (var mapData in _mapData)
+                {
+                    // Check if any part of rangeA is within rangeB, or vice versa
+                    bool isRangeWithinMapData = (range.Start >= mapData.Source && range.Start <= mapData.SourceEnd) ||
+                                     (range.End >= mapData.Source && range.End <= mapData.SourceEnd) ||
+                                     (mapData.Source >= range.Start && mapData.Source <= range.End) ||
+                                     (mapData.SourceEnd >= range.Start && mapData.SourceEnd <= range.End);
+                    if (isRangeWithinMapData)
+                    {
+                        //Calculate the localized range in relation to the given range and the given map data
+                        //Math.Max(0, range.Start - mapData.Source) - In the event the range start is below the start of the mapData, take 0 as that is within the range
+                        // Math.Min(mapData.Range - 1, range.End - mapData.Source) - if the range extends past the bounds of mapData, take mapData -1. -1 is because we count the initial starting source in range
+                        var localizedRange = new SeedRange(Math.Max(0, range.Start - mapData.Source), Math.Min(mapData.Range - 1, range.End - mapData.Source) );
+
+                        //Calculate the Source values (we need this to track any values that aren't within our output bounds)
+                        var inputStart = mapData.Source + localizedRange.Start;
+                        var inputEnd = mapData.Source + localizedRange.End;
+                        originalSeedRanges.Add(new SeedRange()
+                        {
+                            Start = inputStart,
+                            End = inputEnd
+                        });
+
+                        //Calculate the valid output ranges for the given mapData (this is the actual transformation for the given ranges)
+                        var outputStart = mapData.Destination + localizedRange.Start;
+                        var outputEnd = mapData.Destination + localizedRange.End;
+
+                        seedRanges.Add(new SeedRange()
+                        {
+                            Start = outputStart,
+                            End = outputEnd
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //FOr all the ranges NOT covered by the original seed range, create a 1-1 mapping.
+                var validRangesNotFound = GetNonOverlappingRanges(range, originalSeedRanges.OrderBy(x => x.Start).ToList());
+
+                //Concat all of the seed ranges together
+                totalRanges = totalRanges.Concat(seedRanges.Concat(validRangesNotFound)).OrderBy(x => x.Start).ToList();
+            }
+            return totalRanges;
+        }
+
+        private List<SeedRange> GetNonOverlappingRanges(SeedRange rangeA, List<SeedRange> exclusions)
+        {
+            var result = new List<SeedRange>();
+
+            // Add the range before the first exclusion, if any
+            if (exclusions.Count > 0 && rangeA.Start < exclusions[0].Start)
+            {
+                result.Add(new SeedRange(rangeA.Start, Math.Min(rangeA.End, exclusions[0].Start - 1)));
+            }
+
+            // Add non-overlapping ranges between exclusions
+            for (int i = 0; i < exclusions.Count - 1; i++)
+            {
+                long start = exclusions[i].End + 1;
+                long end = exclusions[i + 1].Start - 1;
+
+                if (start <= end)
+                {
+                    result.Add(new SeedRange(start, end));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add the range after the last exclusion, if any
+            if (exclusions.Count > 0 && rangeA.End > exclusions[exclusions.Count - 1].End)
+            {
+                result.Add(new SeedRange(Math.Max(rangeA.Start, exclusions[exclusions.Count - 1].End + 1), rangeA.End));
+            }
+
+            if (exclusions.Count == 0)
+            {
+                result.Add(rangeA);
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SeedRange
+    {
+        public SeedRange() { }
+        public SeedRange(long Start, long End)
+        {
+            this.Start = Start;
+            this.End = End;
+        }
+        public long Start { get; set; }
+        public long End { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    class MapData
+    {
+        public long Destination { get; set; }
+        public long Source { get; set; }
+        public long SourceEnd { get { return Source + Range; } }
+        public long Range { get; set; }
+    }
+
+   
+}